Tatiana Yablonska - BIOGRAPHY

February 24, 2017, marks 100 years since the birth of Ukrainian artist-painter with phenomenal talent Tatiana Nilovna Yablonska - author hundreds of works of different genres and styles, from landscapes to impressionistic psychological portraits. Her paintings reflect the main trends of Ukrainian art of the twentieth century; made in pencil, watercolor, oil, pastel - they are too different from each other and from that sometimes it seems that were made by different artists. However, each new artistic and stylistic search Tatiana Yablonsky showed itself as an independent and unique artist who feels a deep sense of life and the world. Her work consistently developed "eternal themes" and developing the best traditions of classical Ukrainian art. This demonstrates the diverse and extraordinary talent known not only in Ukraine artist. Famous works of Tatiana Yablonska like "Bread" (1949), "Swans (1966)," Youth "(1969)," Life goes on "(1971)," Len "(1977 ) and others went to the treasury of national culture. Her works are in many art museums Ukraine - Zaporizhia, Kharkiv, Poltava and Dnipro, Gorlovka, Donetsk, Lviv Art Gallery, the National Museum of Ukraine and Kyiv National Museum of Russian Art. Her legacy is represented in the Russian Museum of. St. Petersburg and the Tretyakov Gallery c. Moscow and Dragon Museum in Taiwan. Each new period in the life of the artist was not similar to the previous: it inspired the postwar development of the country and wrote reassuring paintings in the spirit of "socialist realism" in search of new figurative truth enjoys decorative Ukrainian folk motifs inspired by early Renaissance balances in the works colorful and imaginative decision. A true Yablonsky - the woman who first wore a pantsuit Kiev, in his first State Award bought a motor boat and loved to drive the white city "Lada". About these say was born with a brush, as the love of art, grafted father a child, it was the determining factor of life. Born artist remarkably time - so that was the same age as the whole complex history of the Soviet Union, lived and experienced it. Two weeks later she still lived with the king. Tatiana's parents did not accept the revolution and therefore had to spend several years in exile, from Smolensk travel to Odessa, then to Kamenetz-Podolsk, closer to the border, hoping to escape, but after a failed attempt moved to Lugansk. In any city in any season home they were very interesting: it issued a family magazine "Cricket" in which each wrote and illustrated their part numbers; Each day children painted still lifes, portraits of each other's views and houses around them; In December the band made all the Christmas toys. Before the Soviet school children are not given, and my father taught them himself. Neal A. Jablonski, a graduate of History and Philology of Moscow University, while studying in VHUTEMAS, in 1910-20 years he worked in the field of education, art education and museum. Home upbringing and education was set so that children are not left freedom in choosing a profession - at the request of his father they were to become artists. Teaching drawing, the father taught the children not only artistic techniques as developed sense and the ability to see the essence of things and characters of people. As a result, the sister Tatiana Nilovna Helen became famous graphic artist and brother Dmitry - architect, doctor of architecture and honored architect of Ukraine. At the end of seven years, in 1933, the sisters come to Kiev Art College, which a few months later was closed due to the reform of art education, which began in Ukraine in the fight against formalism. And next year, in 1935 they became a student completely renewed Kyiv Art Institute. The first two courses they studied in Constantine Yeleva - painter and graphic arts, student Michael Boychuk and painter Abram Cherkassky, from the third year Tatiana takes up in the workshop acknowledged master Fyodor Krichevsky. Diligence and hard work students have been noticed and rewarded: it studies nudity that were shown at an exhibition of student work earned praise reviews Ivan Grabar, its "Naked of models" is the first exhibit of the methodical study of the Institute, as an emblematic figure, sketch "A woman with a yoke" exhibited at the first All-Union exhibition of young artists "XX years of the Komsomol" in 1939, and in early 1941, the Institute organized "exhibition of student Tatiana Yablonska." That same year she graduated from college, specialty "painter." Success, happy marriage and child waiting - those achievements that were interrupted by the war. My daughter was born she had in the Saratov region, where Tatiana Yablonsky and her sister Helen were sent to evacuate. In the farm during Kamyshin artist forced to become a "totku Tanya" where as the other weeded, mowed, skyrduvala, threshed, wore bags. The only pictorial exercises for her at the time was drawing to villagers portraits from photographs of dead children and women - more than anything had neither the strength nor the time. War is not over, but in April 1944 Yablonsky, exhausted and hungry, returned to Kyiv released and became a teacher of the Art Institute. A lot of effort and daily exercise required a return after a long break prewar painting skills. But very soon (in 1949) there is a magnificent painting "Bread", which transformed it from an ordinary artist to Stalin Prize winner. The painting, which the artist passed capture life and the very truth of life, was exhibited at the Tretyakov Gallery, its reproduction appear on posters, postcards, calendars. 1951 Tatiana Yablonsky received another award for the work "Spring". Last year the artist was invited to the examination board of the Yerevan Art Institute, and she was impressed by Armenia with its majestic architecture, wise people and kind of painting. And Armenian artist Armen Atayan soon became the second husband of Tatiana Nilovna. She and her husband later often went to Armenia in the creative mission, and each time re-discovering this country. Her 1957 film "Armenian Village" Armenian traces features of the landscape, sun-drenched national architectural features of the home, the general atmosphere of the land. Earlier, in 1949, before the opening of the All-Union Exhibition in Moscow in the central newspaper "Culture and Life" an article "In socialist realism in painting", which among other artists mentioned and Tatiana Yablonsky her painting "Before the start" as such , which reflected the adverse impact of Impressionism, in her paintings "realism sacrificed so-called" zhyvopysnosti. " Thus the artist considered the "formalist" painting "Before the start" was removed from the stretcher to stay hidden in the basement of the museum of Ukrainian art. Instead, the State Prize, which was to receive Yablonsky, it waited only "some abusive epithets." Since 1953, the artist temporarily leaves work on large canvases and increasingly drawn to the disclosure of the mental state of the individual, the beauty of the most common, simple and everyday motifs. Her work in this period, such as "The box - spring", "by the book", "Prostudylas" made in etyudnyh format. Since the beginning of the "thaw" and debunking the cult of personality and began a revival in art. The artist in his last years of life interview admits that while she felt "dead end in his paintings' themes for children" ... and the need for active creativity. " And this helped Transcarpathia it extremely interesting school of painting. Unexpected architecture of the village near the border with Romania, bright clothes locals, old people's images and motifs inspired by Tatiana Yablonsky a big revolution in creativity. The next 10 years the artist has been invaded Western decorative arts, although it hid most of his works of that period in the workshop. In one of the first paintings of Transcarpathian series "Life goes on" Jablonski stripped of all positions that she held, and to participate in exhibitions. " Even the deluxe edition of the ballads of the poet Ivan Drach, illustrated with pictures of T. Yablonska, was destroyed at the outlet from the press and could save only 4 copies. Rehabilitated during the "thaw" the artist has participated in international exhibitions, among which the most significant were HHVIII International Art Exhibition in Venice (Venice Biennale) in 1956 and the World Exhibition in Venice in 1958, where the painting "Bread" Tatiana Yablonsky was awarded bronze medal. Since then passed about three dozen solo exhibitions of the artist in Moscow, London, Budapest, Kiev and other cities, she participated in many major exhibitions, it is marked by many awards, including several awards, medals, and two medals. In 1960, Tatiana Nilovna Yablonska awarded the title of People's Artist of Ukrainian republic, and in 1982 - People's Artist of the Soviet Union. "In the late 60s I drew something" inside "- recalls the artist. Her painting "The Nameless height", "Holiday", "Near Blue Sea" period marked departure from dekoratyvizmu artist. The need for a new, "live" impression it could meet in a trip to Italy in 1972. The art of the early Italian Renaissance struck the artist his spirituality and openness, and it concludes that in his work the artist did not have to worry about its originality, expression and so on. N., And his art should serve to enrich the human spirit, support and awaken human feelings, a sense of harmony, kindness, unity with nature and beauty. Impressed trip to Italy was written painting "Evening. Old Florence ", which became one of the first turning work then and" a tribute to my feelings and thoughts, "- said Tatiana Nilovna. For this work, in 1974 the artist was awarded the Gold Medal of the USSR Academy of Arts. Another received the same medal T. Yablonsky 1987 for a series of portraits. In 1977, was written and staged another favorite work of Tatiana Nilovna - painting "Flax". "From early childhood image flax lived in my soul. When I saw the first lanaja Chernihiv pale blue waves of flax and late summer usteleni lonyscha beautiful carpets, and remembered ancient flax song that we sang as a child, a father, a wonderful story about whence came Shirt. I started riding with sketchbook in all lonyschah near Sedniv and write to this beauty. I worked on the painting "Flax" for four years. This is one of the most suffered and vykohanyh my works. My images of highly inspired Italian Renaissance paintings and Venetsianov Serebryakova. " The work was awarded - for this work in 1979 the artist was awarded the State Prize of the USSR. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the artist has not been forgotten and recognized. Since there was a large number of solo exhibitions: 1992 - painting exhibition in Kiev Museum of Russian Art; 1993 - painting exhibition "From the depths of the soul" at the National Art Museum of Ukraine, Kyiv; 1996 - exhibition of paintings "Windows" in Kiev Museum of Russian Art; 1996 - exhibition of paintings in the gallery "27" on Cork Street in London; 1997 - Retrospective exhibition of paintings by the 80th anniversary of the birth of the National Art Museum of Ukraine; 1999 - exhibition of graphics (drawing, watercolor) in the Ukrainian Academy of Arts; 1999 - exhibition of tempera work "Memories" at the National Art Museum of Ukraine; 2002 - painting exhibition "Seasons" at the National Art Museum of Ukraine; 2004 - exhibition of works from the series "Seasons" at the Ukrainian Cultural Center in Moscow; 2004 - exhibition of pastels in Kiev Museum of Russian Art. The artist was awarded Honorable President of Ukraine in 1994, the Order "For Merit" second degree, in 1998 - became the winner of the National Prize of Ukraine Taras Shevchenko (with recent works) and 2001 - the title of Hero of Ukraine - dedication to Ukraine in the field fine art and outstanding creative achievement and merit. 2004 was awarded a gold medal of the Academy of Arts of Ukraine for significant creative achievements by UNESCO in 1997 named "Artist of the Year" and the International Biographical Center of Cambridge - "Woman of the Year" in 2000, became an honorary citizen of Kyiv (24.05.2001). Tatiana Nilovna was professional and tireless employee of the brush from the students until the last years of life. And she drew her last day despite the advanced age and illness. The final work was an oil painting "In the glare of the autumn" - a portrait of the artist's daughter on the background of the autumn landscape outside the window. The work done in two sessions, bold, wide brush, as if "in one go", was, according to the master, his "swan song." In late 1998 and early 1999, Tatiana Yablonsky wrote a small tempera works based on his old pictures, memories, travel, meetings. Completed inspiration, in a rather restrained coloring of this series she called "my farewell to Ukraine". And after a heart attack, which occurred in 1999, wheelchair-bound artist, devoid of strength and health, does not abandon painting and trying not to despair. She learned to paint with his left hand, since the right was paralyzed, and her pastel recent works more positive emotions, because the artist is happy to live each day. Tatiana Nilovna never repeated in pastel landscapes series "Windows" - a happy, harmonious, enlightened it works depicting that observed sitting in front of a window, urban bird on the windowsill, dishes, flowers in a vase. On the last day of her life, she painted bright bells that radiated cheerfulness. In his last lifetime exhibition of the artist asked not indicate any titles and regalia, and her tomb Baykove cemetery in Kiev - a modest granite stele with a brief inscription: "Artist Tatiana Yablonsky." And not a word about its importance for the Ukrainian artistic culture of her contribution to the world of art, it brought up a whole galaxy of artists, among them her two daughters and grandson. One of the streets of Kyiv Solomenskiy district named after the artist's deputy of the Kyiv council decided to create a museum of Hero of Ukraine. From February 21 the National Bank of Ukraine puts into circulation a commemorative coin of 2 USD depicted on the obverse stylized fragment of the painting "Flax" and - in reverse - a portrait artist.

Marcel Duchamp as the creator of a new kind of plastic art

Marcel Duchamp stood at the origins of Dadaism and surrealism. In the 1920s, he actively participated in the actions of the "dada" and surrealist groups, as well as filming several movies, for example, in the surreal film René Claire "Entract".

Fontain by Marcel Duchamp

The artist also became known as a bright representative of the new trend in conceptual art - the method of "ready-made things" (ready-made). Duchamp presented to the attention of the public everyday objects, for example, a dryer for bottles or a urinal. His work shocked and attracted attention.

Rhythm in visual art

In art, the role of rhythm is great and diverse. Rhythm is the ordering, alternation of some elements, occurring with a certain sequence, frequency.

The word rhythm (Greek rhythmos - movement, tact), comes from rhein - flow. In music, poetry, this concept conveys "fluidity," melody of melody, speech. Rhythm is one of the main elements of the expressiveness of the melody. Some rhythms are characteristic, for example, for marches, others for lullabies, etc.

Dynamics and statics in the image, movement, rhythm

Dynamic composition - a composition in which the impression of movement and internal dynamics is created.

Static composition (statics in composition) - creates the impression of immobility.

 The image on the left looks static. The picture on the right creates an illusion of movement. Why? Because we know perfectly well from our experience what will happen to the round object if we tilt the surface on which it is located. And we perceive this object even in the picture moving.

Initial motion in artwork

For a unit of speed, let's take a quiet step of a person, but you should also take into account the direction of its movement.Consider examples of the initial movement on examples of works by masters of art.
In the picture of Theodor Gericault "The Epsom Derby", the horses run from right to left, as if with the last forces, or rather, on the border of tension. It seems to us that they seem to be approaching us, although they will pass by. This is explained by the fact that on the left, below, not only the beginning of the movement in the picture, but also we, the spectators, are as near to the beginning zone. Any tension appears, as we know, only when the force meets opposition, and then we feel the action This strength. At the same time, we admit: in this picture there are the sounds of a thunder, that is, auditory associations.

Théodore Géricault, The Epsom Derby, 1821

Origin of a graphic motion in art

For a long time, a way of drawing and reading diagrams has come to life, where the left part of the drawing at the bottom is designated as the beginning. Then, as a rule, the movement develops from the bottom - up and left - to the right. Graphically, the drop line runs from the top to the bottom and to the right. The proposed scheme here at first glance seems conditional - traditional


This is facilitated by the accepted (in most cases) tradition of writing from left to right. 

Motion and space in visual art

Fine art is static in nature. Real motion is completely excluded here.

 The artist hass the task - to create a sense of movement in the viewer's perception. To solve this difficult task at the disposal of the artist there is a sufficient supply of artistic means, accumulated by the fine arts in the whole history of its existence. And all the same, the problem of movement in the relationship with space and time can not yet be considered solved in the fine arts.

Alexander Deineka's paiting

It makes sense first to dwell on the problem of the interrelation between motion and space, dividing it into two parts:

    movement of forms that build space
    forms of space that help or hinder movement.